INDOOR AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

Indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters are critical for ensuring a healthy and comfortable environment. They can be categorized into chemical, physical, biological, and other factors:

1. Chemical Parameters

  • Carbon Monoxide (CO): A toxic gas from combustion sources (e.g., heaters,
    stoves). High levels cause headaches, dizziness, or death.

  • Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Indicates ventilation adequacy. Elevated levels (>1,000 ppm) may cause drowsiness and poor concentration.

  • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Emitted by paints, cleaners, and building materials. Include formaldehyde (from furniture, adhesives), which can irritate eyes/throat and is carcinogenic.

  • Ozone (O₃): Generated by some air purifiers or outdoor pollution. A lung irritant that worsens asthma.

  • Radon: A radioactive gas from soil beneath buildings. Long-term exposure increases lung cancer risk.

2. Particulate Matter

PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀: Fine particles from smoke, dust, or outdoor air. Linked to respiratory/cardiovascular issues. PM₂.₅ (≤2.5 µm) penetrates deeper into lungs.

3.  Physical Parameters

Temperature: Affects comfort; ideal range is 20–24°C (68–75°F).

​Relative Humidity: Optimal 30–60%. High humidity promotes mold; low humidity causes dryness.

​Ventilation Rate: Measured by air changes per hour (ACH). Inadequate ventilation traps
pollutants.

4.  Biological Contaminants

Mold/Bacteria: Thrive in damp areas. Cause allergies and respiratory infections.

​Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander. Trigger asthma and allergic reactions.

​Viruses: Spread via aerosols (e.g., COVID-19). Ventilation and filtration reduce transmission.

5.  Other Parameters

Pressure Differentials: In controlled environments (e.g., labs) to prevent contaminant spread.

​Odors: Subjective indicators of pollution (e.g., from VOCs or mold).

6. Standards and Guidelines

ASHRAE (US): Defines ventilation (e.g., 15–20 cfm per person) and thermal comfort.

​WHO/EPA: Set limits for PM, CO, NO₂, and other pollutants.

Local Regulations: May address radon, asbestos, or lead in older buildings.

7. Standards and Guidelines

ASHRAE (US): Defines ventilation (e.g., 15–20 cfm per person) and thermal comfort.

​WHO/EPA: Set limits for PM, CO, NO₂, and other pollutants.

8. Monitoring and Mitigation

  • Improve ventilation, use air purifiers with HEPA filters, control humidity, and reduce pollutant sources.

  • By addressing these parameters, indoor environments can be made safer and more comfortable.

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